ADHD - Quick Facts

ADHD is a complex disorder that has very simple diagnostic criteria (as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders / DSM).
It is often diagnosed with a simple parent and / or teacher checklist.
ADHD can be a ‘catch all’ diagnosis.

When we look at the brain itself, we see a very different picture. There are up to 14 different brainwave signatures and a multitude of situational contributors to ADHD symptomology. For example, bullying, insomnia & non-restorative sleep, anxiety, and of course as per Dr Mari Swingle’s extended research, excessive or non-complementary screen time. All these factors can contribute to the severity of, and sometimes even cause, ADHD symptom sets. Another often overlooked factor, and specialty of Dr Mari Swingle, is missed learning phase(s). Missed phases, and / or slight developmental lag, in reading acquisition, written output and maths can be easily confounded with an inability to pay attention or learn. In these cases, medications are rarely helpful, and a ‘frustration factor’ can kick in inadvertently exacerbating as opposed to alleviating social / behavioural symptoms and learning challenges.

At Swingle Clinic we look at efficient vs inefficient brain function, the environment, and specific learning status. We then administer a highly individualized training program to enhance brain efficiency while targeting learning deficits, specific skill acquisition, and underlying behavioural components.

Contact us if you are looking for potential answers that go beyond standard behavior checklists and solutions beyond stimulant prescription and adapted curriculum / IEP (plans).

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

For diagnosed or suspected ADHD, please book a standard ClinicalQ – 5 point intake.

About the Condition

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a well-recognized condition, which is included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – 5th Edition – Text Revision (2023). Often diagnosed in childhood, but increasingly diagnosed in adulthood, there are two types of attention deficit disorder: inattentive type and hyperactive type. ADHD is one of the most well-supported conditions in which Neurofeedback treatment is shown to be effective, and has been recommended as the first line of treatment (before medication) by the American Pediatric Association. In spite of this, many physicians make the diagnosis and prescribe medication, without knowledge of Neurofeedback as a viable treatment option.

Inattention involves a persistent pattern which has a negative impact on social life, school or work, which is not age appropriate, of difficulty with attention to details, sustaining attention in tasks or play, mind wandering without distraction, difficulty completing talks or following instructions, difficulty with organization, sustaining mental effort, and forgetfulness.

Hyperactivity and impulsivity involve fidgeting, inability to sit still, inappropriate running around, climbing, or feelings of restlessness, difficulty playing quietly, talking excessively, waiting one’s turn, and interrupting or intruding on others.

Recommended Neurofeedback Treatment

The inattentive type of ADHD is often associated with elevated theta frequencies (3-7hz) over the central and frontal regions of the brain, or the entire cortex. Although often associated with relaxation, it can lead to daydreaming, which can have stressful consequences for the person when they are expected to pay attention, for example, in the classroom, when studying, or in social situations. Even though it can impact productivity, it does not necessarily relate to impairments in intellectual functioning. Neurofeedback treatment is straightforward, and involves setting EEG thresholds for training to reduce the elevated slow frequencies. As well as improvements in focus and attention, Neurofeedback training has positive effects on self-esteem, which may have been negatively impacted through others interpreting their inattention as a lack of motivation or intelligence.

Hyperactive and impulsive types of ADHD are often associated with a combination of elevated theta frequencies (3-7hz) over the central and sensory-motor cortex regions of the brain with excessive fast frequencies (18-40hz) at the rear of the brain, often associated with anxiety, mental chatter, and difficulty with self-quieting. This can be disruptive in the classroom, and children with these difficulties often receive excessive negative attention and are labelled with behavioral problems. Medication for ADHD may worsen anxiety, even if it provides pleasant feelings of euphoria, leading to confusion about whether or not medication is helpful. A detailed brain map is important to identify the precise frequencies to be trained, and one-size-fits-all Neurofeedback is particularly unhelpful as it does not have the precision required to address different patterns in combination.

Additional Recommended Psychological Services

ADHD is often misdiagnosed when the individual has a different condition; in these cases, medication may be particularly unhelpful. At the Swingle Clinic, we most often see children misdiagnosed with ADHD when they have learning disorders, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, sleep disorders, or brain injuries. Although we do not use the brain mapping to provide a formal diagnosis, directly treating the brainwave patterns overcomes the difficulty of misdiagnosis.

Some families unintentionally function in situations / environments in which their children “act out” and appear to have a psychological condition such as ADHD when in fact they are merely environmentally reactive. In these cases, Dr Mari Swingle can provide non-judgmental family therapy to reduce stress on the child and resolve the behavioral difficulties. In addition, Dr Mari Swingle has developed innovative educational protocols, which can address missed learning phases or improve cognitive efficiency, resolving long-standing learning difficulties.

If a child is showing signs of a traumatic brain injury or seizure disorder, we will recommend a 19 channel Normative QEEG, and consult with a neurologist. There is an additional cost for this service.

If a child is showing signs of autism spectrum disorder, we will recommend an autism assessment. There is an additional cost for this service, however, children under the age of 19 residing in BC may be eligible for additional funding and services.

Given the complexity of autism spectrum disorder, and the urgency of multi-disciplinary treatment, we can provide an approved autism spectrum disorder assessment to clients who believe they may have been misdiagnosed. Please talk to your clinician if you believe you or your child has ASD and has not been diagnosed.

Further reading...

Albrecht, J. S., Bubenzer-Busch, S., Gallien, A., Knospe, E. L., Gaber, T. J., & Zepf, F. D. (2017). Effects of a structured 20-session slow-cortical-potential-based neurofeedback program on attentional performance in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Retrospective analysis of an open-label pilot-approach and 6-month follow-up. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 667–683. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S119694

Alegria, A. A., Wulff, M., Brinson, H., Barker, G. J., Norman, L. J., Brandeis, D., … Rubia, K. (2017). Real-time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 38(6), 3190–3209. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23584

Alkoby, O., Abu-Rmileh, A., Shriki, O., & Todder, D. (2017). Can we predict who will respond to neurofeedback? A review of the inefficacy problem and existing predictors for successful EEG neurofeedback learning. Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.050

Arnold, L. E., Lofthouse, N., Hersch, S., Pan, X., Hurt, E., Bates, B., … Grantier, C. (2013). EEG neurofeedback for ADHD: Double-blind sham-controlled randomized pilot feasibility trial. Journal of Attention Disorders, 17(5), 410–419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712446173

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